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Battle of Milk Creek
The Battle of Milk Creek began on September 29, 1879, in northern Colorado, and lasted several days as the United States Army and warriors of the White River Ute tribe engaged in what was to be one of the last true battles of the so-called Indian wars.
==Background==
In the years preceding the Milk Creek battle and Meeker Massacre, the idealistic but ambitious and debt-ridden Nathan C. Meeker had taken the advice of friend and mentor Horace Greeley to go west, where he made an ill-fated attempt to establish Union Colony, a utopian socialistic community at the site of present-day city of Greeley, Colorado. Failing there, he then secured the Indian Agent position through political connections.
The Ute tribe, ensconced protectively among Colorado's Rocky Mountains, were among the last of the native American horse nomads. Most importantly, horses had, in fact, gained totemic significance among the Utes. Nathan Meeker embarked upon a program to replace the Ute horses and bison with plowshares and seeds.
The Utes, attached to their horses and culture, resisted the efforts of Meeker. In the late summer of 1879 some of the tribe's hunters left the reservation for a buffalo hunt. Meeker considered this a flagrant violation of agency rules and then repeated his demand that the band kill some of their horses〔Sprague, Marshall, ''Massacre: The Tragedy At White River'', University of Nebraska Press, 1957, p. 176〕 and ordered their race track plowed under. Tempers flared, culminating in a brief but portentous shoving match or fist fight between the Ute medicine man, Canalla and Meeker.〔Marsh, Charles S., ''People of the Shining Mountains'', Pruett Publishing Company, Boulder, Colorado, 1982, p. 90〕 The Agent reacted by wiring Department of Interior superiors for assistance. The Department, having no enforcement power, then contacted the War Department and no less a person than General William Tecumseh Sherman for federal troops to quell what he considered to be the initiation of an Indian uprising.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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